Voters by state with most influence in Presidential & Senate elections

With the 2020 election a little over a week away and voters’ influence varying from state to state, the personal-finance website WalletHub today released its report on 2020’s States with the Most & Least Powerful Voters, as well as accompanying videos.

WalletHub compared the relative clout of 2020 voters in swinging the presidency and Senate. In order to make such a comparison, we calculated a Voter Power Score for each state and for each type of election.

Most Powerful Voters – Presidential Election	Most Powerful Voters – Senate Elections
1. Alaska	1. Alaska
2. Iowa	2. Montana
3. Ohio	3. Maine
4. Georgia	4. Iowa
5. Arizona	5. Kansas
6. North Carolina	6. Alabama
7. Texas	7. South Carolina
8. Florida	8. Mississippi
9. New Hampshire	9. North Carolina
10. Montana	10. Colorado

To view the full report and your state’s ranking, please click here.

Not all votes are created equal. Some votes carry more weight than others simply because of the somewhat complicated way our voting system is organized. Members of Congress are elected by direct popular vote. But the president is chosen by the Electoral College, a group selected by voters when they cast a ballot for commander-in-chief.

In a presidential election, voter power varies widely by state. While all votes are theoretically counted equally — one person, one vote — the choices of swing-state citizens are more influential. It’s safe to assume that Alabama will vote Republican and California will vote Democratic in the upcoming election. In contrast, the electoral results of swing states such as Florida, Pennsylvania, Ohio and Michigan are up in the air, giving their voters more impact.

The same principle applies to voter power in the Senate. For example, it’s extremely likely that a Republican senator from Kentucky and a Democratic senator from Delaware will both be re-elected. But voters’ choices for senators in swing states hold much more power because they determine which political party controls the Senate.

So which states will decide the outcome of the upcoming election? As American voters head to the polls on Nov. 3 to elect the next leader of the free world as well as new senators in certain states, WalletHub compared the relative influence of voters in both the presidential and Senate races. In order to make such a comparison, we calculated a Voter Power Score for each state and for each type of election. Continue reading below for our findings, additional election commentary and a full description of our methodology.

Presidential Rankings

Presidential Election – States with the Most & Least Powerful Voters (No. 1 = Most Powerful)

Rank	State	Vote Power
1	Alaska	239.22
2	Iowa	207.13
3	Ohio	193.54
4	Georgia	193.24
5	Arizona	124.84
6	North Carolina	117.16
7	Texas	109.08
8	Florida	97.53
9	New Hampshire	94.23
10	Montana	78.36
11	Maine	72.87
12	Nevada	65.29
13	Mississippi	63.22
14	Wisconsin	52.64
15	South Carolina	49.05
16	Pennsylvania	47.20
17	Kansas	43.38
18	Missouri	37.78
19	South Dakota	35.85
20	Michigan	32.64
21	Minnesota	32.28
22	Louisiana	26.94
23	Indiana	25.56
24	Utah	21.09
25	Tennessee	16.55
26	Colorado	15.99
27	Arkansas	15.53
28	Oregon	12.52
29	New Mexico	12.32
30	North Dakota	10.25
31	Alabama	9.43
32	West Virginia	6.98
33	Nebraska	6.85
34	Wyoming	6.75
35	Vermont	5.88
36	District of Columbia	5.19
37	Rhode Island	4.67
38	Kentucky	4.62
39	New Jersey	4.03
40	Delaware	3.90
41	Hawaii	3.59
42	Idaho	2.99
43	Connecticut	2.47
44	Oklahoma	2.33
45	Maryland	2.12
46	Illinois	2.03
47	Washington	2.02
48	Massachusetts	1.99
49	Virginia	1.95
50	New York	1.88
51	California	1.80

Note: Maine and Nebraska are the only two states that allocate votes proportionally (based on the congressional district allocation approach), but the outcome of the last elections has been similar to the one of a winner-take-all state.

Senate Rankings

Senate Elections – States with the Most & Least Powerful Voters (No. 1 = Most Powerful)

Rank	State	Vote Power
1	Alaska	101.49
2	Montana	75.99
3	Maine	65.58
4	Iowa	37.81
5	Kansas	24.40
6	Alabama	12.05
7	South Carolina	10.90
8	Mississippi	10.54
9	North Carolina	8.30
10	Colorado	7.55
11	New Mexico	7.39
12	Arizona	7.09
13	Georgia	6.90
14	Michigan	5.35
15	New Hampshire	3.62
16	Minnesota	3.23
17	Kentucky	2.31
18	Wyoming	2.25
19	Louisiana	1.68
20	South Dakota	1.49
21	Delaware	1.30
22	Texas	1.30
23	Rhode Island	1.17
24	Idaho	0.75
25	West Virginia	0.70
26	Nebraska	0.69
27	Virginia	0.60
28	Arkansas	0.43
29	Oklahoma	0.33
30	Oregon	0.30
31	Tennessee	0.19
32	Massachusetts	0.18
33	New Jersey	0.14
34	Illinois	0.10

Methodology

In order to determine the states with the most and least influential voters, WalletHub calculated the Voter Power Scores for both presidential and Senate elections in each state.

For presidential elections, we used the “win probabilities” calculated by fivethirtyeight.com and graded each state election on a 100-point scale, with 100 points being awarded to the states with literally a 50 percent chance of swinging either Red or Blue (50-50) and 0 points to the states with zero chance of one party determining the election (100-0).

We then multiplied the win probability score by the number of electors of a given state and divided the product by the state’s population aged 18 and older. Finally, we multiplied the result by 1,000,000 in order to calculate the Presidential Election Voter Power Score for that state.

We applied the same approach to calculate the Senate Election Voter Power Score for each state. In this case, however, we multiplied the win probability score by the number of Senate seats up for election in 2020 for a given state instead of its number of electors.

Our calculations are expressed in the following formulas:

Presidential Election Voter Power Score: [(Win Probability Score x Number of Electors) / Total Population Aged 18 & Older] x 1,000,000

Senate Election Voter Power Score: [(Win Probability Score x Number of Senators) / Total Population Aged 18 & Older] x 1,000,000

In our calculations, we counted only the population aged 18 or older to represent the electorate. However, we were not able to account for the limited number of state laws that allow the population aged 17 to vote and/or bar prisoners or felons from doing so.

Sources: Data used to create these rankings is courtesy of the U.S. Census Bureau, fivethirtyeight.com and archives.gov.

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Ray Hanania is an award-winning opinion columnist, author & former Chicago City Hall reporter (1977-1992). A veteran who served during the Vietnam War and the recipient of four SPJ Peter Lisagor Awards for column writing, Hanania writes weekly opinion columns on mainstream American & Chicagoland topics for the Southwest News-Herald, Des Plaines Valley News, the Regional News, The Reporter Newspapers, and Suburban Chicagoland.

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